The world of work is changing dramatically.
Now, author Faith Popcorn has a very interesting job. Faith is a futurist. She works full-time at predicting future events. And Faith has predicted that within 20 years, we will all be working for multiple companies simultaneously, and not for just one large corporation. In other words, the bond between employer and employee strengthened through years of working for one organisation will disappear. Most workers will become free agents.
Another interesting perspective comes from Saadia Zahidi, the head of gender, education, and work system initiative for the World Economic Forum. In addition to artificial intelligence and robotics, Ms. Zahidi has identified drivers of change in the global workplace. These include climate change; a rising middle class in emerging markets; aging populations in Europe and East Asia; and the changing aspirations of women.
Human beings are increasingly dispensable in the workplace today. Machines are doing the things only humans were thought to be capable of doing. Machines are composing original music. Machines are painting original works of art. Computers can beat professional players at complex board games with creative moves.
Redeployment
That is not to say that the 2020s will be a period of unemployment. The next decade will be a period of redeployment. Man and machine will adopt a brand-new choreography in a complex dance between human and robot.
Jobs are increasingly vulnerable to creative computer programmes. However, there are jobs that are less vulnerable. These are jobs that are highly unpredictable: for example, a plumber who might be called out in an emergency. Other areas of unemployment that are less vulnerable to computers are those jobs that require complex relationships with people: nurses, health care workers, psychiatrists and so on.
In any event, in the 21st Century the most creative jobs are increasingly vulnerable to computer technology. Artists, scientists and strategists in 20 years will see computers capable of carrying out their roles in the workplace.
A report by Deloitte states that there are tens of thousands of workers in the legal sector who have a high chance of being replaced by computers in the coming years. Robots will take over the repetitive tasks in professions such as law, taxation and accounting.
Greater routines mean a greater eventuality that automation will replace the worker in the workplace. Telemarketing has a 99 percent chance of full automation. Jobs that are most at risk are those that are routine — repetitive and predictable.
Jobs will not vanish. Jobs will simply be redefined by digital technology. However, the new creative machines will not take any prisoners. Factory workers, financial advisers and even flute players can be replaced by computers.
Keynes’ view
The economist John Maynard Keynes predicted in the early 1900s that technology would greatly reduce drudgery and increase prosperity. He was correct. However, the extent of change has not been dramatic. In the last 60 years, the only occupation that has been completely eliminated by computers is that of elevator operator.
So how does the worker computer-proof his or her job? George Monbiot, a writer on education matters for the United Kingdom Guardian newspaper, has presented a narrative from history to explain this matter. “We are stuck with an industrial workforce,” he has stated. “At present we are stuck with the social engineering of an industrial workforce in a post industrial age.”
Schools are designed to produce a workforce for the 19th Century factory floor. In that culture, workers sit quietly at their benches every day. They behave identically. They produce identical products. They are punished when expected standards are not met.
Learning is stuck in this older age. It has failed to take account of the new digital realities. Mr. Monbiot has asserted that creativity and innovation must be built into the working culture from early in the learning curve.
Collaboration
Fluid collaboration will be a key skill in the computer age. In fact, in the future, employment will mean being as unlike a computer as possible. The workplace will favour the critical, creative and socially skilled. Creativity and innovation require an individual with a mind that has been liberated from the drudgery of everyday existence. The human element will be king. Science is the cart.
Learning has to be about soaring beyond our perceived limits. Learning is about discovery. It is using the imagination to better our lives.
In an article titled “Innovation in the algorithm age,” Mark Mills and Julio Ottino
have stated that innovation is the key tool for success in the computer age. Innovation breeds business success, economic growth and job creation. The roots of innovation and creativity are found in education.
In the computer age, what are needed are not coders and engineers, but learners in all disciplines who can integrate technology into everyday life, business and society.
The new worker must seize opportunities at the intersections of various disciplines. Diversity in education will be key, not conformity. Education will have to focus on the arts and humanities as well as the so-called STEM disciplines: science, technology, engineering and math.
Paradoxically, Messrs. Mills and Ottino describe how the history of Silicon Valley was most positively impacted by innovators who were able to connect the arts and sciences. The humanities were the horse that pulled the science cart. Human creativity ruled at Silicon.
And so it remains: The human element remains supreme even as computers begin to think and behave like humans.
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